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Арктическите ледове са пълни с микропластмаса
Дори арктическите води и ледове не могат да се спасят от замърсяването с пластмаси. Учени са събрали проби от пет отделни района в Арктическия океан и са установили, че някои от тези проби съдържат над 12 000 частици пикропластмаса на литър лед – рекордно количество. В замръзналите води те са регистрирали общо 17 различни вида пластмаса, включително бои и опаковки.
Екип от 9 учени от института „Алфред Вегенер“ са отчели рекордни нива на концентрация на микропластмаса в морски лед, събран от Арктика. Това са частици с размер от няколко микрометра до по-малко от пет милиметра. Те събраха тези проби на борда на изследователския ледоразбивач Polarstern през 2014 и 2015 г. С помощта на инфрачервен спектрограф „Фурие“ учените прегледали ледените проби слой по слой, за да осветят микрочастиците. Благодарение на това, че частиците отразяват различни дължини на светлинните вълни в зависимост от своя състав, учените успели да определят съдържащите се в микропластмасите вещества.
Използваният метод помогнал на учените да открият дори „незначителни“ частици. Гунар Гердс, който ръководи лабораторията, където изследователите са направили своите измервания, заяви в изявление, че са намерени микропластмаси с размер 11 микрона. „Това е приблизително една шеста от диаметъра на човешкия косъм и е основната причина, поради която при повече от 12 000 частици микропластмаса на литър морски лед, ние успяхме да открием два до три пъти по-високи концентрации в сравнение с предишното ни проучване“.
67 процента от частиците в ледените проби са под 50 микрометра.
„Ние открихме в нашето изследване, че повече от половината от частиците микропластмаса, попаднали в леда, са по-малки от една двадесета от милиметъра,“ обясни биологът Илка Пейкен. „По този начин е лесно те да се консумират от арктическите организми като например раците“. Това е тревожно, по думите й, защото „засега никой не може да каже до каква степен тези малки частици пластмаса увреждат морските обитатели или в крайна сметка застрашават дори хората“.
Изследването беше публикувано в списанието Nature Communications тази седмица.
Източник: Greentech.bg.
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